Over the past 16 years the technology to read DNA has become fast, accurate and inexpensive – to a point where reading DNA is almost routine. More specifically, it was the technology behind the initial sequencing of the human genome (which culminated in the publication of the work in Nature, in 2001 ) that allowed the reading of DNA. Crick and Watson's seminal paper on the structure of DNA) – and the information and communication technology revolution (that has its origin in the invention of the transistor and led to the widespread use of digital computers, broadband telecommunications networks and the internet itself). Principal among the background factors are the molecular and cell biology revolution (which has its origins M. There are a number of factors which contributed to the emergence of synthetic biology at the beginning of this century. In fact, synthetic biology is now often described internationally as engineering biology. These terms are now seen as cornerstones of synthetic biology. What is interesting is the key phrase within the definition, ‘design and engineer’. This definition, and slight variants, is still widely accepted internationally. In the RAEng Inquiry Report in 2009, synthetic biology was defined as: ‘Synthetic biology aims to design and engineer biologically-based parts, normal devices and systems – as well as redesigning existing natural biological systems’. 1.Īlternative model that uses a range of bio-based feedstocks to produce new industrial processes and products Synthetic biology provides an alternative model that uses a range of bio-based feedstocks to produce new industrial processes and products. Many of the major industries of the twentieth century are based on a model which uses oil as its feedstock and synthetic chemistry for industrial processes and products.
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It is now clear that synthetic biology will be a key driver in the growth of the bio-economy. More recently, the importance of the bio-economy has been recognised on both sides of the Atlantic – with the overall current bio-economy in the UK estimated to be around £150 billion, and increasing rapidly. Subsequently, in January 2013, the British Government defined synthetic biology as one of its ‘Eight Great Technologies’. This view started to change in 2012 when the World Economic Forum, in Davos, voted synthetic biology as the second most important new area with major industrial potential. in terms of economic and industrial impact. Back in 2009 there was still significant speculation about the potential of the field, e.g. Since the publication of the report much has happened. It is now 8 years since the publication of The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) Inquiry Report on synthetic biology. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution.IET Electrical Systems in Transportation.IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications.IET Collaborative Intelligent Manufacturing.CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology.